【Key phrases for DM1, DM2, and DM3】
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＜DM1: Highlighting Overall Research Outcome＞
＜DM1-Step1: Describing background of research subjects＞
DM1-Step1a（Previous studies）
ex. previous studies have shown that EtoJ
＜DM1-Step2: Summarizing the present study＞
DM1-Step2a（Summary）
ex. in this large * study EtoJ
ex. findings suggest that EtoJ
ex. our analysis suggests that EtoJ
DM1-Step2b（Significance）
ex. to our knowledge, this is the first study to EtoJ
ex. to our knowledge, our study is
ex. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first
ex. our study is the first to EtoJ
ex. study is the first * trial EtoJ
＜DM1-Step3: Presenting major findings of the present study＞
DM1-Step3a（Findings）
ex. was associated with an increased risk EtoJ
ex. associated with a lower risk of EtoJ
ex. a significant reduction in EtoJ
ex. associated with a reduction in EtoJ
ex. was more effective than EtoJ
ex. is/are/was/were similar to
ex. consistent with previous EtoJ
ex. is/are/was/were consistent with
＜DM2: Explaining Specific Research Outcomes＞
＜DM2-Step1: Describing specific background＞
DM2-Step1a（Previous studies）
＜DM2-Step2: Restating specific outcomes＞
DM2-Step2a（Representation）
ex. In our study,
ex. observed in our study EtoJ
ex. we found that
ex. is/are/was/were lower than
ex. in contrast with
ex. by contrast with
ex. In contrast,
ex. in contrast to
ex. In addition,
ex. in addition to
＜DM2-Step3: Interpretating specific outcomes＞
DM2-Step3a（Possibility）
ex. seem to be
ex. not seem to
ex. we cannot exclude the possibility of EtoJ
ex. we cannot exclude the possibility that EtoJ
ex. we cannot rule out the possibility that EtoJ
ex. raise the possibility that EtoJ
ex. may explain why EtoJ
ex. may be due to EtoJ
ex. may be more effective EtoJ
ex. would be more likely to EtoJ
ex. may have led to EtoJ
ex. may have contributed to EtoJ
ex. we believe that
ex. can be explained by the fact that EtoJ
ex. should be interpreted EtoJ
ex. be interpreted with caution EtoJ
DM2-Step3b（Consistency）
ex. this finding is consistent with EtoJ
ex. results are consistent with EtoJ
ex. findings are consistent with EtoJ
ex. similar to those
＜DM2-Step4: Describing strength of the present study＞
DM2-Step4a（Strength）
ex. strengths of this study include EtoJ
ex. study has several strengths
ex. As far as we are aware, this is the
＜DM2-Step5: Describing limitations of the present study＞
DM2-Step5a（Limitations）
our study has several limitations EtoJ
our study has limitations
ex. limitations of our study include EtoJ
ex. limitation of our study is EtoJ
ex. another limitation is that EtoJ
ex. potential limitation is that EtoJ
ex. we acknowledge * limitations EtoJ
ex. limitations should be considered EtoJ
ex. need to be considered EtoJ
ex. limitations need to be considered EtoJ
ex. is/are subject to limitations EtoJ
limit the generalisability of EtoJ
ex. limit the generalizability of our findings
ex. may not be generalizable to EtoJ
ex. may not be representative of EtoJ
ex. we were unable to determine EtoJ
ex. we could not determine EtoJ
ex. we did not have access to
ex. we do not know EtoJ
DM2-Step5b（Future research）
ex. future studies should EtoJ
ex. warrants further investigation EtoJ
＜DM3: Stating Research Conclusions＞
＜DM3-Step1: Describing summary＞
DM3-Step1a（Conclusion）
In conclusion, * study showed EtoJ
ex. In conclusion, the results of EtoJ
DM3-Step1b（Implication）
ex. our findings provide evidence that
ex. these findings support the hypothesis that EtoJ
ex. highlight the need for EtoJ
ex. underscore the need to EtoJ
important implications for EtoJ
ex. these findings have important implications for EtoJ
DM3-Step1c（Interpretation）
our findings suggest that EtoJ
ex. our data suggest that EtoJ
ex. may be useful EtoJ
ex. associated with an increased risk of EtoJ
＜DM3-Step2: Describing perspective＞
DM3-Step2a（Future research）
ex. further research is needed to EtoJ
ex. additional research is needed to EtoJ
ex. further studies are needed to EtoJ
ex. future research should focus on EtoJ
ex. future studies should focus on EtoJ
ex. area for future research EtoJ
ex. efforts to improve * should EtoJ
ex. to ensure that
DM3-Step2b（Significance）
ex. emphasise the importance of EtoJ
important implications for EtoJ
ex. has/have important implications for EtoJ
no significant benefit of EtoJ
ex. may help (to) decrease EtoJ